Mans Opinion about Women Essay -- Biography, Ibsen and Wilde

There are many influences that affect a man’s opinion about women. Influences such as personal experiences, rumors, and the women in a man’s life help form his opinion of a woman. Henrik Ibsen and Oscar Wilde are two playwrights who reflected their beliefs about women in their plays. Ibsen and Wilde both believe that society shunned women, unfairly forcing them into a submissive role, under the control of men. On March 20, 1828, Henrik Johan Ibsen was born in Skien, Norway (Merriman Ibsen 1) and had four biological siblings (Meyer 13) His parents went from wealthy to poor at his age of six (Meyer 13). Ibsen was rumored to be a illegitimate child, possibly conceived before his mother married (Meyer 15). â€Å"Bankruptcy and illegitimacy recur specter like throughout his work† (Meyer 16) Ibsen went to college at Christiania (Oslo) and was the editor of the school newspaper (Merriman Ibsen 1). While in his twenties he directed many successful drama plays in Norway (Merriman Ibsen 1). After moving to Germany in 1858, Ibsen Married Suzannah Thoreson and together had one son (Merriman Ibsen 1). Many of Ibsen’s plays have thoughts or actions of suicide. â€Å"It has been said that Ibsen himself suffered from depression and at times contemplated suicide. Social breakdown, stereotypes, class struggle and issues of morality dominate his characters (Merriman Ibsen 1). On October 16, 1854, Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland (Merriman Wilde 1). Wilde had two biological siblings and his mother was a poet who influenced him (Merriman Wilde 1). His father was a facial surgeon, philanthropist, and a knight (Merriman Wilde 1). Wilde was home schooled for about ten years before leaving for Trinity College in Dublin for thre... ... make people think. In A Doll’s House and The Master Builder, Ibsen shows two magnificent examples of a husband who fails to love his wife well. The weak love they display leads to a downfall in both situations. Henrik Ibsen and Oscar Wilde both presented ideas to the Victorian society that challenged the ways of society at that time. These ideas were presented by the characters’ actions and decisions that were uncharacteristic of women at the time. This brought about much controversy. If the plays had been written in today’s world the ideas would not have been so controversial because what they challenge is now occurs more frequently. Women now have dominating roles in today’s society and can make their own decisions without a male overriding them. In this way, Ibsen and Wilde influenced society because society changed in the ways that they thought it should.

Me, Myself and I Essay

My Family, I admit I had a big family. My family is not perfect like others. Well, I just say that we are living well. Ate at least 3x a day, wear a normal dresses bond with them at least once a month. However, sometimes we did not expect some circumstances and trials that came into our lives. Although we are not complete, we did not lose hope instead, we kept holding each other’s hand, always pray unto God to support and never let go of us, and give us enough strength to face it. That is all I can tell about my family. I do not want to talk about some stuffs regarding about my family because it is kindda controversial. Ok I’ll get to introduce myself first. HAHA†¼ I am Kaye Osorio Bautista, 15 years of age. Likes? Well am not that kind of brat person if they do like me, I like them too. If they do not like me, I guess I do not like them too. That is my attitude always depends on person on how you are going to treat me. I had many of friends. Real friends I guess? Maybe because am just being so true for them. In my everyday’s lives I can’t control myself being prank with them †¦ even though am that kind of person, they still love me so I loved them back. My friends call me any kind of endearment they want or just my name. Humble, kind, silly, youthful, adorable, naughty, talkative, joyful, sometimes sweet, lovable, and bossy HAHA†¼ That’s all I can say about me and I’m very proud of being me. My future Plans. After being licensed Police of course, I used to get my stable work. Earn moneys, help my family and also I’m planning to take a short-term course which is Culinary Arts, because for me eating sweets are my stress relievers and I want to know about more pasturing . Example of essay about myself.

Analysis Of The Phonograph And Its Future By Thomas Edison

Throughout time there has always been revolutionary inventions and ideas have been changed the way our lives have changed. In the text â€Å"The Phonograph and its Future† Thomas Edison used the possibilities of the phonograph and answered the typical questions like the durability of the phonograph to show how revolutionary his invention is for the world. On the other hand, he could have used the experience of how the phonograph. Because the North American Review was one of the first Literary Magazine, it was widely read it would have been in the minds of the readers. The use of past users experience of Edisons phonograph it would be more relatable to the readers. For example using a story of a particular person who used it to remember a†¦show more content†¦Edison responds with â€Å"The telephone answers it affirmatively† This means that he is confident that it can record multiple complex voices. Another Question asks â€Å"Can a record be removed from the apparatus upon which it was made, and replaced upon a second without mutilation or loss of effective power to vibrate the second plate?† This question asks if a second cylinder can be replaced without losing the quality of the recording. Edison Answered with â€Å"it being a mechanical detail, and it is no greater obstacle than having the proper regard for the perfect interchangeable of the various parts of the apparatus.† It means that it is up to the personnel handling the change. This example does help the case being a revolutionary invention because it needs to be handled with care. But in the next question â€Å"What as to durability?† actually answers the durability. T.E. answers with â€Å"Repeated experiments that the indentations possess wonderful, enduring power†¦ The perfect stonepoint with rendering the record capable of 50-100 repetitions, enough for practical purposes.† His answer backs up his point that it is a revolutionary invention. Instead of hearing it once in a lifetime you can hear it 50 to 100 times! With all these Q and A’s Edison makes the readers of this literary magazine not doubt that his invention has no problems instead of the readers thinking because of the phonograph is a new invention it will have flaws because it is so revolutionary. With these Q and A’s withShow MoreRelatedShould Music Be Free Or Not?2228 Words   |  9 Pagesitself to be a valid issue on whether it ultimately hurts or helps artists and their careers. Streaming has both pros and cons, but in order to aim to figure a possible solution there needs to an examination of the history of the issue, a proper analysis of both sides, and evaluating its importance. Before there were ever iTunes and Spotify, there was something called sheet music. Around 1473, the first printing press came about, allowing for not only words but for music to be printed. This musicRead MoreA Project Report on Employee Engagement10634 Words   |  43 Pagesof Employee Engagement. CONTENTS †¢ Chapter 1 : Introduction †¢ Chapter 2 : Industry Profile Company †¢ Chapter 3 : Employee Engagement at Genpact †¢ Chapter 4 : Research Methodology †¢ Chapter 5 : Analysis, Diagrammatical Representation †¢ Chapter 6 : Conclusion †¢ ANNEXURE o Genpact o Questionnaire †¢ BIBLIOGRAPHY Abstract Employee engagement is the level of commitment and involvement an employee has towards their organization and itsRead MoreAnalysis of the Music Industry30024 Words   |  121 Pageselectronic item (like a widescreen TV or home computer). What is the maximum amount of money you would feel confident borrowing in order to buy these items at this moment in time? Source: IRN Research/Key Note Want more detail? Order further customised analysis through IRN Research on keynote@irn-research.com. See Further Sources for more on this service. Consumer confidence weakened across the board in the summer months of 2005, as reflected in the decreasing desire to spend money either from savingsRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesNetworking Strategy 321 PART III Acquiring Information Systems 327 Chapter 8 Basic Systems Concepts and Tools The Systems View What Is a System? 329 329 330 Seven Key System Elements Organizations as Systems 330 334 Systems Analysis and Design 335 Business Processes 336 Identifying Business Processes 336 Business Process Redesign 336 Processes and Techniques to Develop Information Systems 339 The Information Systems Development Life Cycle 339 Structured

1984 Personal Response Essay - 821 Words

Fear is something all humans share. This unity of having fear connects all of us together, along with many other things. Fears themselves are not universal, and every human may have different fears. In the novel 1984 written by George Orwell many common fears are brought into perspective, many of which I can say I fear myself. While the question asked for the implications of the ending, for me to fully understand the ending I must start from the beginning. The concern about the truth of history and truth of the past, that the people in power are always watching you, and not being allowed to have real emotions except towards the government are all fears brought on in the novel, especially with the implications of the ending. As much as†¦show more content†¦Ultimately this all leads up to the ending, with 2 + 2 = 5. Mathematical laws of addition would show that the equation of 2 + 2 would equal 4. Yet what is shown by the party’s manipulation is that it is possible to make someone believe that 2 + 2 = 5. By physically and mentally completely breaking people down to an almost breaking point, it is possible to reprogram their thought process to really think it equals five. ThisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article Hustle As The Strategy `` By Amar Bhide1168 Words   |  5 Pagesobjective of the essay is a critical review of the article Hustle as the strategy by Amar Bhide. First of all, it will look into the position of the article in the broader debate on strategies. Secondly, it will examine the suppositions and theoretical bases of the article. It will then assess the strengths and weaknesses of the viewpoints presented in this article. And lastly, author’s personal thoughts on strategy will be terminated alongside the conclusion of the entire essay. Position in theRead MoreUnderstanding Personality1579 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This essay is a concise guide to the understanding of personality in terms of Theories, structure and testing, looking at Trait, situation and interactional theories in particular. Every individual has a unique personality, which is known as their psychological makeup. This is known as the relatively stable, psychological structures that shape a person’s actions in a specific environment. (Gill, 1986) This essay will look at the established theoretical psychological understand of personalitiesRead MoreGeorge Orwell Character Analysis1422 Words   |  6 Pageslife, either for better or for worse. There is that one person who made a difference. For George Orwell, it is easy to assume, that person was his first wife, Eileen O’shaughnessy. She not only impacted his life, but also his writing, for example, 1984, and some of his female characters. Orwell first met Miss O’shaughnessy in 1935 at a party that he and his landlord was hosting. He described her as â€Å"talkative and lively† and she had lifted her first impression him him. After the party had endedRead MoreDiscuss the Roles of Language and Reason in History1695 Words   |  7 PagesTOK- Essay Question 9 â€Å"Discuss the roles of language and reasoning in history† 1451 words Nadia Lotze 000 865-015 Mr Skeoch History is the past written by the present. The very nature of this statement creates the predicament of historical knowledge. The historians of the present are under constant pressure of rapidly changing society; therefore what we discover from the past is dependent on our perceptions that are forever changing. History and historical explanations are deduced and manipulatedRead MoreLearning Expirience907 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiences contribute to our development over time. 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Learners who adopt this style prefer personal interaction and discussion as in group work and they are usually good at generating ideasRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Class This Year928 Words   |  4 Pages(This does not need to be academic growth. It can be personal, social, etc.) Explain. * ⠁Æ' I have grown the most in this class in terms of my writing. Compared to last year, where only one essay reached an A-, this year I have exceed my own expectations. In the first essay written outside of school, I scored B but in the more recent Canterbury essay revision, I managed to score an A for that outside of class assignment. My performance in in-class essays has been a little surprising, since I always expectedRead MorePneumatology: Spiritual Gifts Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesEthelind Scott THEO201_D02_LUO Short Essay # 3 Short Essay on Topic Pneumatology: Spiritual Gifts Spiritual Gifts are gifts that are given to believers by God that enable them to complete the jobs that He has called them to perform. Spiritual gifts differ from the Fruit of the Spirit in that everyone can possesses each Fruit of the Spirit but God gives Spiritual Gifts according to your service in the church and in the body of Christ. You need to possess specific Spiritual Gifts in order toRead MoreReflection, Activities of Daily Living1446 Words   |  6 PagesFor the purpose of this essay the Kolb’s model of reflection (1984) has been chosen as a guide to reflect on administration of oxygen therapy. Administration of oxygen therapy is the aspect of nursing practice that I selected as a result of completing the case-based learning scenarios. I will explain how the administration of oxygen therapy can have an effect on a patient’s activities of daily living (ADL), including some of the psychological and ethical issues. Breathing is the selected ADL thatRead MoreCo mpare and Contrast Two Methods for Achieving Attitude Change through Persuasion1502 Words   |  7 Pagesof information in which attitudes can be based (Breckler, 1984; Rosenberg Hovland, 1960; Zanna Rempel, 1988) : cognitions or beliefs, affect or feelings and actions or behaviour. As defined by Richard Perloff, persuasion is the process which moulds and shapes attitudes. It is through persuasion that changes in attitudes can occur. The two methods for achieving attitude change through persuasion that will be the main focus of this essay are: the Ingratiation and Door-in-the face techniques. Discussed

An Analysis of a Dolls House - 1535 Words

A Doll’s House 1. DRAMATIC STRUCTURE ‘A Doll’s House’ is widely considered by many to be Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen’s magnum opus. The play is tightly structured with 3 acts that take place over a short span of three days. Each act contains just one long scene. The scenes are primarily two person scenes that are interleaved with temporary entrances and quick exits by the other characters in the play. Furthermore, the play has a strong sense of unity of action, in the sense that events in the play take place in a causal manner, where each character’s actions on inaction have a significant impact on the course of events that follow. I shall elucidate this point in a latter part of the essay. The dramatic structure of the play is†¦show more content†¦The climactic moment of the play occurs when Torvald finally reads the letter from Krogstad. This climactic moment fully heightens the tension between Nora and Torvald. All of Nora’s worst nightmares come true as Torvald unleashes insult upon insult onto her. He shames her for being â€Å"a hypocrite, a liar – worse, worse – a criminal!† and he threatens to cut her out from the lives of their children. However, as soon as he receives the bond papers from Krogstad he goes back to his patronizing self and he presents himself as some sort of a God who’s benevolently accepted the apologies of a devotee. This moment leads nicely to the strong resolution of the play. The climactic clash between Nora and Torvald jolts Nora into facing the truth about their marriage and she immediately sees through the illusion of happiness that existed in their marriage. Nora realizes that her relationship with Torvald has never been one between a wife and her husband; instead it resembles the relationship between a child and the child’s doll. This leads to the resolving moment of the play where Nora decides that she is going to leave Torvald and her children and venture out into the world to finally live as a human being and not as someone’s plaything and by doing so she resolves the conflict between her and Torvald. 2.Show MoreRelatedCriticle Analysis of a Dolls House2519 Words   |  11 PagesCritical Analysis of A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House was a controversial play for its time because it questioned societys basic rules and norms. Multiple interpretations can be applied to the drama, which allows the reader to appreciate many different aspects of the play. This paper examines how both Feminist and Marxist analyses can be applied as literary theories in discussing Ibsens play because both center on two important subject matters in the literary work:Read MoreA Dolls House -H.Ibsen ,Critical Analysis1554 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Subject : Drama B Writer : Henrik Johan Ibsen Genre : Realistic Modern Drama Name of the Work / Play : A Doll’s House ( 1897 ) in three acts Characters : Major Characters / Minor Characters Nora Helmer ( wife of Torvald Helmer ,mother of three children ) Torvald Helmer( husband of Nora Helmer , a lawyer ,father of three children ) Dr. Rank ( doctor ,friend of Nora Torvald Helmer, confidant ,commentator ) Mrs. Kristine Linde ( old friend of Nora Helmer ) Nils Krogstad ( barristerRead MoreA Dolls House Character Analysis1555 Words   |  7 Pages Title â€Å" As I am now, I am no wife for you†(Ibsen 887) This statement is from Henrik Ibsen’s play, A Doll House, is a play based in 1879, and it sets the tone of the remainder of the story. Ibsen seems to be making a statement that women need to mature and be independent before they have a family of their own. All of the women in this play leave their loved ones behind to gain their independence. Ibsen’s statement and character portrayal helps make Ibsen’s play take on feminist characteristicsRead MoreA Dolls House And The Awakening Analysis740 Words   |  3 PagesTimes may have changed a lot over the years with people and their ways. There were times when people would be better at hiding things from being out in the open, and the only way you would find out was if a person put it in a book. The Novels â€Å"A Doll’s House† and â€Å"The Awakening† have a common twist to it. The novels both are telling a story about these two busines s men/ husbands, and two wives who lived their lives taking care of their children, while also feeling trapped inside. It is always goodRead More Analysis Of Ibsens A Dolls House Essay1839 Words   |  8 PagesA Doll House A critical Analysis When Nora slammed the door shut in her dolls house in 1879, her message sent shockwaves around the world that persist to this day. I must stand quite alone, Nora declared after finding out that her ideal of life was just a imagination of her and that all her life had been build up by others peoples, specifically her husband and her dad ideas, opinions and tastes. Nora is the pampered wife of an aspiring bank manager Torvald Halmer. In a desperate attemptRead MoreA Dolls House Character Analysis1222 Words   |  5 PagesTorvald as she believes it would ‘completely wreck their relationship’ and therefore, Ibsen utilises other characters to become her confidante, as it is in this way he shows the audience her inner thoughts. Just like Hardy’s use of Liddy, in A Doll’s House, this role is found in Christine Linde: an old friend. Christine is the first person Nora tells about the loan, and admits the loan has caused her ‘a frightful lot of worry’. This indicates that Nora has been having a difficult time dealing withRead MoreA Dolls House Character Analysis872 Words   |  4 PagesA Dolls House Essay on Love By comparing Ibsens play A Dolls House and the movie Me Before You one can see that gender roles play a big factor in love. A romantic relationship that involves gender roles will bring out love’s most raw form; the emergence of one’s true feelings towards his/her significant other whether it is a negative or positive view. A Doll’s House and the movie Me Before You shows how gender roles impact the lives of Nora [from Doll’s House] and Will Traynor [from Me BeforeRead MoreA Dolls House As A Tragic Hero Analysis967 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatness but who through a weakness, or tragic flaw in his character, falls into the depths of misery and often to his death† (Ingham 1). Within Oedipus Rex, Sophocles laid the foundation for what is now considered the ideal tragic hero. Within A Doll’s House, Ibsen creates a modern hero in Nora Helmer; a woman who was oppressed for going against social rules for saving her husband. Nora follows the Aristoteli an journey of a tragic hero, from hamartia through her tragic fall into catharsis. She is consideredRead More Analysis of Act 3 of A Dolls House Essay661 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Act 3 of A Dolls House For most of the play, we see Torvald delighting in Nora’s dependence upon him but not in his control over her, but as the play progresses the side of Torvald we see is more pushover than dictator. In the scene following the party, Torvald’s enjoyment of his control over Nora takes on a darker tone. He treats her like his possession, like the young girl he first acquired years ago. Contributing to the feeling of control that Torvald is exercising over NoraRead MoreA Dolls House Play And Movie Analysis852 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast the Play â€Å"A Doll’s House† To the Movie Introduction The play â€Å"A Dolls House† by Henrik Ibsen was written in 1879. Joseph Losey and Patrick garland in 1973 used the play to adopt a movie version of the play going by the same name. The cast in the movies depicted the characters in the play as described by Henrik Ibsen. This essay will analyze the similarities and the differences between the play by Henrik Ibsen and the films adopted from the play by Joseph Losey and Patrick garland

Martin Luther King Jr. Paper Free Essays

Juan Lopez Professor Lonsdale English 1A 27 September 2012 America’s Freedom Call We as all Americans know of our past history, Americans were never given the same rights as every person living in America. America was known for its unequal, unjust laws, and segregation. As a result of the segregation occurring in American, African Americans were the most involved ethnic group fighting for equal rights, as defined by in the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness† (80). We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Luther King Jr. Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout our history we have had extraordinary civil rights leaders such as Frederick Douglass, John F. Kennedy, Abraham Lincoln, and Malcolm X who have sacrificed their lives for equal rights in the United States of America. Between the years 1958 to 1968, it was Martin Luther King Jr. who engaged in fighting for the equal rights of African Americans, primarily in the South. King was the most influential civil rights leader in America for a long period of time. During his struggle for civil rights, he was arrested in Birmingham, Alabama for a program of sit-ins at luncheon counters without a permit. As a result of this incident, King composed a famous letter, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† in response to the criticism he received after these nonviolent demonstrations. King states in the very beginning his reasoning for writing the letter as a response to the clergymen’s statement calling his â€Å"present activities unwise and untimely†(King 213). He wanted to make clear the misunderstandings from his fellow clergymen. The purpose in his letter was to clarify to them his reasons for engaging in the demonstration. To get his reasoning across to his fellow Clergymen, King uses two compelling rhetorical strategies of logos and pathos to demonstrate his intelligence and ability to compose a direct argument for the clergymen of Birmingham. He refutes all the points that his fellow clergymen make by using logical reasoning and tells them about the unjust situation in Birmingham. In his accomplishment of the letter, King seeks to convince his fellow clergymen as well as the entire world that civil rights should be granted to African Americans along with ending segregation once and forall. King’s use of logos makes his argument strong and evident. He ratifies facts that cannot be argued. Throughout the letter he supports his technique very adequately; for example explaining the difference between a just and unjust law. In his letter King states, â€Å"Let us consider a more concrete example of just and unjust laws. An unjust law is a code that a numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey but does not make binding on itself. This is difference made legal. By the same token, a just law is a code that a majority compels a minority to follow and that it is willing to follow itself. This is sameness made equal† (219). Here King is basically saying that if a majority does not follow a law, but the law is enforced on a minority, it would be difficult to argue that this is a fair ruling. Any â€Å"just† law is obligated and must be followed by all the citizens of that country, majority or minority. Another vivid logic reason in his letter is when King remarks on the crooked methods that were being used to prevent African Americans from voting in public elections. As he states, â€Å"Who can say that the legislature of Alabama which set up that state’s segregation laws was democratically elected? Throughout Alabama all sorts of devious methods are used to prevent Negros from becoming registered voters, and there are some counties in which, even though Negroes constitute a majority of the population, not a single Negro is registered. Can any law enacted under such circumstances be considered democratically structured? † (219-220). The United States having a establish legal system set up on the bases of representative democracy, meaning that the population of that country elect officials and by default, choose who makes the laws. By delivering his used of logos, if a majority of the people is not granted to take democratic action, therefor the United States â€Å"legal system† is failing its goal. Another very effective rhetorical strategy that King uses to convince his audience his claim is pathos. King attempts to create a feeling of sympathy and proximity for the civil rights cause. To establish this point, he uses in his letter an emotional and powerful complex example to relate to the emotion felt by the African American, patiently waiting for their Constitutional rights. It states as follow, â€Å"But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and father .. when you have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick, and even kill your black brothers and sisters; when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six-year-old daughter why she can’t go to the public amusement park and see her beginning to distort her personality by developing an unconscious bitterness toward white people; when you are forever fighting a degeneration sense of â€Å"nobodiness†Ã¢â‚¬â€ then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait† (King 217-218). King acknowledges and understands that people who have never experienced segregation might not be able to fully put themselves in the position to make a fair decision through the use of pathos. He describes seeing police officers, people who are supposed to uphold the law killing African Americans or failing to enforce order when mobs make it their duty to lynch an innocent mother because of their skin color. He uses allusion as in â€Å"your tongue twisted and your speech stammering† in describing the disgrace he felt as a father having to tell his six-year-old daughter that she was â€Å"not good enough† to go the segregated amusement park (218). Kings use of pathos helps visualize and focus his audience on the words and imagine a clear mental image. Lastly, through the use of specific rhetorical strategies such as logos and pathos, Martin Luther King Jr. effectively refuted the clergymen’s argument. Kings success was also due to his unique strategy of directly addressing his audience, the clergymen, to create the basis of his argument. From that point on, King was able to slowly blame and refute the clergymen’s claims. This effective method allowed King to present his counterargument with more conviction and authority and achieve his goal: justifying the reasons for nonviolent demonstrations and ending segregation once and forall. Works Citied Jefferson, Thomas. â€Å"The Declaration of Independence. † A World of Ideas. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010. 77-85. Print. King Jr. , Martin Luther. â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail. † A World of Ideas. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010. 211-231. Print. How to cite Martin Luther King Jr. Paper, Essay examples

Financial Markets and Institutes Market Trend

Question: Describe about the Financial Markets and Institutes of Private Banking? Answer: Introduction The objective of the report is to shed light on the present behavior of the money market rates in Singapore and to forecast the future market trends for the money market interest rates in Singapore. For the purpose of evaluation, the Development Bank of Singapore Limited has been selected within the report (mas.gov.sg, 2015). The report has been structured in a sequential manner where the initial discussion is about the present money marled behavior followed by the future forecasting of trends. The report ends with the analysis of the strategies and their risks (Forbes, 2014). Past and future behavior of money market in Singapore The money market interest rates in Singapore are controlled by SIBOR (Dbs.com.sg, 2015). The SIBOR offers the reference rate based on which the banks in Singapore like DBS offers unsecured loans to the other commercial banks and the public at large. The bench mark for the interest rate in Singapore was recorded at 0.39 percent. From the year 1988 to 2015, the interest rate in Singapore has been recorded at 1.69 percent. It reached the all time high in the year January 1990. The rate of interest at that period of time was 20 percent. In the year 1993, the interest rate was at a record low of -0.75 percent. The rate of interest of Singapore has been set by the monetary authority. i.) Current and Historical Trend of the Interest rate / Current yield The historical and current trend of the interest rate can has been set by the reference rates known as the SIBOR and the SOR. The SIBOR SIBOR is the reference rate which is based on the rate of interest that is set by the banks for lending the unsecured funds to one another in the Singapore interbank market. The interest rate of Singapore is controlled by the monetary authority of Singapore (MAS). They do not focus on controlling the interest rate by monitoring the rate of interest. It is involved in the management of the Singapore dollar (SGD) exchange rate against the trade weighted basket of the currencies of the major trading partners in Singapore. In 2015, the slope was reduced by which SGD appreciates against the major currencies of the economy. The fall in the oil prices resulted in lower expectations of inflation (phillipfunds.com, 2015). The SOR The SOR is the Swap offer rate. It is the FX implied rate that will reflect the interest rate that has been projected that will cost once the same amount of money has been borrowed in US dollars. The news of the US economy has impact on the rate as it varies the USD interest rate and the exchange rates. The SIBOR and SOR are the benchmark rates loans in Singapore. Both the residential rates and the commercial rates are very popular among the consumers as the concept is very open and transparent. Fig : SIBOR rate (Parrado, 2015)., (Secure.sgs.gov.sg, 2015) Factors affecting the money market interest rates The economy of Singapore is a small domestic economy. The economy is dependent on the external sector. Thus the exchange rate is considered as an important instrument in order to achieve the policy objective of the economy. The rate of import of the expenditures is high in Singapore and the rate of exports is also high. It comprises 60-70% of the income of the economy. Thus the fluctuation of the interest rates of the money market instruments of DBS i.e. treasury bills, commercial papers and certificates of deposits largely depends on the exchange rate (Mihaljek, 2015). The rate of interest in the money market is influenced by various factors are discussed below US interest rates: The interest rates or the market expectations in the United States have significant impact on the domestic interbank rate and interest rates of the money market instruments. The SIBOR is affected by the supply and demand for the funds in the interbank market (Economywatch.com, 2015). When there is more supply than the demand for the funds in the interbank market, the SIBOR is expected to have a lower rate but when the demand is high than the supply, the SIBOR is expected to be higher (Dbs.com.sg, 2015). Inflation rate The domestic cost pressures affect the fiscal and monetary policies of the country. The inflation rate of the Singapore is low. The country does not suffer from the inflationary pressures. The interest rate set by the MAS is not affected by the monetary policy of the country. It is affected by the exchange rates (Gente and Ledesma, 2015). Influence of International Banks The International banks play a major role in formulating the interest rates of Singapore. The monetary policy and the liquidity rules of Singapore are based on the new liquidity rules of the country which are set according to standards set by the foreign banks. The interest rate of the money market instruments in Singapore are influenced by the monetary policy in the International market. There has been shift in the currency composition of the lending from the banks (Room, 2015). Forecast and Future trends of Interest rate s for the next 6 months The forecast of the interest rate of the money market instruments is based on the economic growth of the country, the interest rates expectations in United States and SGS yield of the Government (Secure.mas.gov.sg, 2015). Economic growth The growth rate of Singapore will be similar to that has been tailed in the year 2014. The major contributors to the growth will be due to the restructuring of the labor market. The expansionary fiscal policy will promote growth in the country. It will support the growth in 2016. It is projected that the economy will grow by 3.0% in 2015. The growth of the economy will pick up to 3.2% in the year 2016. Expectations for Interest rates in United States The interest rates are expected to increase as the employment report of the country is declining. There will be decline in the oil prices. These factors will affect the interest rate in Singapore (Rudnitsky, 2015). SGS yield of Government The interest rates in Singapore have decreased from 0.39% in January 2015 to 0.33 % in February 2015. It is expected that there will be further decline in the interest rate. The above factors will be the reason for decline in rate of interest. The interest rate will decline to 1.80% in the year 2016 (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015). Month Interest rate (%) April 0.33 May 0.30 June 0.26 July 0.24 August 0.22 September 0.20 In 2016, the bond of Singapore Government for 10 years is expected to decrease and it will be 1.80% (Ieconomics.com, 2015). In long-term, the Government bond of Singapore for 10 years is projected to have a trend of 1.81, 2.10 and 2.20 % for the year 2020, 2030 and till 2050 (Asianbondsonline.adb.org, 2015). Evaluation of the strategy There will be two strategies that will be undertaken. Strategy 1 Low cost long term funding The strategy will generate low cost funds from long term investors. The 12 months deposit rates will be fixed. The fixed rate of interest will be offered to the depositors. The price of bidding will be set at 0.32% for 12 months. The main emphasis will be to lock the borrowing cost for the 12 months tenure will meet the objectives. This will increase the reserves of the bank. Strategy 2 Low cost short term funding It is expected that the rate of interest will increase in the next 6 months. At the present moment the bank will lock in a borrowing cost which is low. Keeping this is mind, the 6 months SIBOR offer price is fixed at 0.72 % and the 12 month of SIBOR is fixed at 0.84% Scenario of Profitability The quantum of loan of $100 million and the cost of borrowing is 0.32% Borrowing cost at 0.32% from the depositors = 0.32% x $100 million = $320,000 Lending @ SIBOR for 12 months = 0.84 % x $100 m Profit of bank = 0.52% * $100 m = $520,000 There are several threats that may affect the bank which includes threat of war, threat of economic recession and loss of the bank due to under performance of the short term securities. The money would be borrowed from the investors and lend out for mortgage loans @2.5%. The money could be borrowed at SIBOR and loans could be made. Strategy involving speculation In this case, a 3 month SIBOR is borrowed at 0.65% and it is invested in short term discount securities. It is invested in 3 month commercial bill, treasury bills and certificates of deposits. The quantum of loan is $100 million and the cost of borrowing for 3 months is = $100 m x 0.65% = $650000 Rate of discount of the commercial bill = 0.78% x $100 m = $780,000 Profit of Bank = $127100 Margin of the bank = 0.13% Conclusion The report provided a brief idea of the money market instruments issued by DBS. The money past and future performance of the interest rates of the money market instruments has been analyzed. It is seen that the interest rate of Singapore are dependent on the fluctuations of the exchange rate internationally. The country encourages foreign investment. The interest rate fluctuations are dependent on the demand and supply of the International market. The country is the major exporter of electronic goods. The yield on the money market products has been analyzed. It is seen that the money market in Singapore is stable. This is due to the stability of the economic performance of the country. There has been a potential increase in the interest rates on the money market instruments. Thus the yield on the money market instruments is more. This has resulted in the increase in the investment in the money market instruments. Two strategies has been discussed in the report. The profit of the bank from the strategies has been calculated. The strategies include the low cost short term funding and low cost long term funding. The speculation strategy involving money market instruments like commercial bills has been discussed. It is seen that the first strategy is generating the bank a profit of $520,000 and the second strategy is generating a profit of $ 127100. Thus the first strategy will optimize the profitability of the bank and it is a feasible strategy for the bank to make profits. References Asianbondsonline.adb.org, (2015).AsianBondsOnline - Bond Market Data. 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